Background: Colorectal cancer has a large worldwide health impact, demanding continued research into new surgical procedures and technology to enhance the treatment of patients. This research project will look into the most recent surgical options for treating colorectal cancer, such as minimally invasive procedures, robotic surgery, and organ-sparing techniques. Aim: The major goal of this study is to thoroughly assess the efficacy, safety, and possible benefits of modern surgical treatments for colorectal cancer. Researchers particularly want to know about the surgical outcomes, postoperative recovery, and long-term survival rates related to such novel techniques. Methods: A comprehensive evaluation of the literature was carried out, which included publications published between 2010 and 2023. For relevant papers, electronic sources such as PubMed, Medline, and Embase were searched, and the selection criteria included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case series reporting on surgical therapies for colorectal cancer. Data extraction and quality evaluation were carried out in accordance with predefined procedures. To synthesize along with contrast the results of minimally invasive, robotic, and organ-sparing surgical techniques, statistical analysis was performed using complete meta-analysis software. Results: When opposed to traditional open surgery, minimally invasive treatments, such as laparoscopic and laparoscopy-assisted operations, resulted in shorter hospital stays, less postoperative discomfort, and comparable oncological results. Robotic surgery demonstrated better precision and dexterity, allowing for more accurate tumor excision and enhanced functional results. When practical, organ-sparing techniques showed encouraging outcomes in terms of protecting patient quality of life without jeopardizing oncological safety. Conclusion: This investigation focuses on the advancement of surgical methods and technology in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Patients can benefit from less invasive methods, robotic surgery, and organ-sparing approaches, which provide improved recovery and equivalent oncological results. The surgical method used must be adapted to specific patient features and tumor variables, with an emphasis on optimizing both short- and long-term results.