Background: Laparoscopic surgery revolutionized the field of general surgery by providing minimally invasive alternatives to traditional open procedures. This historical and technological perspective explored the development and transformation of laparoscopic surgery over the years, shedding light on the key milestones and innovations that shaped its evolution. Aim: The aim of this study was to comprehensively examine the historical and technological progression of laparoscopic surgery in the realm of general surgery. By tracing its origins and highlighting pivotal advancements, this perspective sought to provide a deeper understanding of how this approach became an integral part of modern surgical practice. Methods: This perspective review incorporated an extensive analysis of historical documents, scientific literature, and technological innovations related to laparoscopic surgery. The methodology included a systematic review of key developments in laparoscopic techniques, instrumentation, and the influence of digital technology. Results: The evolution of laparoscopic surgery was a remarkable journey that spanned several decades. From its early experimental stages to the advent of high-definition imaging and robotic-assisted platforms, this review elucidated the progression of laparoscopy in general surgery. Key milestones, such as the introduction of minimally invasive techniques for cholecystectomy and the widespread adoption of laparoscopic procedures, were discussed in detail. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery underwent a remarkable transformation from its inception to the present day, and it continued to shape the landscape of general surgery. The integration of innovative technologies and techniques led to reduced patient morbidity, faster recovery times, and improved surgical outcomes. As laparoscopic surgery continued to evolve, it was evident that it would play an even more significant role in the future of general surgery.
Keywords: Laparoscopic surgery, general surgery, historical perspective, technological evolution, minimally invasive surgery, innovation, surgical techniques, robotic-assisted surgery, high-definition imaging, cholecystectomy, patient outcomes.