Background: Prematurely born individuals often face unique challenges in neurovascular health, particularly when exposed to high-altitude environments. The impact of prematurity on cerebrovascular carbon dioxide (CO2) reactivity at high altitudes remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between premature birth and impaired cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity, shedding light on the potential implications for neurovascular health and adaptation in high-altitude settings. Aim: The primary objective of this study was to assess and quantify the extent of impaired cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity in prematurely born adults residing at high altitudes. By doing so, we aimed to elucidate the specific vulnerabilities and challenges faced by this population in adapting to the unique environmental conditions encountered at elevated altitudes. Methods: Participants included a cohort of prematurely born adults residing at high altitudes, and a control group of individuals born at full term. Cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity was measured using non-invasive techniques, with participants subjected to controlled changes in CO2 levels. Comprehensive neurovascular assessments were conducted to evaluate the dynamic responses of the cerebrovascular system in both groups. Results: The findings of this study revealed a significant impairment in cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity among prematurely born adults at high altitudes compared to their full-term counterparts. The impaired reactivity was characterized by a diminished ability to regulate cerebral blood flow in response to fluctuating CO2 levels. These results suggest a potential link between premature birth, impaired cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity, and challenges in neurovascular adaptation to high-altitude environments. Conclusion: Our study underscores the critical importance of considering prematurity as a factor influencing neurovascular health at high altitudes. The identified impairment in cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity highlights a potential vulnerability in prematurely born individuals, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and adaptation strategies to mitigate the associated risks. Addressing these challenges is crucial for optimizing neurovascular function and overall well-being in this population residing at elevated altitudes.
Keywords: Premature Birth, Cerebrovascular CO2 Reactivity, High Altitude, Neurovascular Health, Adaptation, Impairment.